TRANSCRIPT
PROGRAM: SIXTY MINUTES
DATE: 23 MAY 1982
TOPIC: A SPY'S STORY: USA TRAITOR GAOLED FOR 40 YEARS AFTER SELLING
CODES OF RYLITE AND ARGUS PROJECTS.
--Christopher Boyce, Traitor, Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary,
Kansas, Maximum security prison.
--Prison Warden
--Bill Doughety, Boyce's lawyer.
RAY MARTIN: Christopher Boyce was the villain in the biggest
American spy scandal for 40 years. He was gaoled for selling
secrets to the Russians. And why did he do it? He says he was
angry at the CIA's dirty tricks to bring down the Whitlam
Government.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: It was a worry. Mr Whitlam's Government was a
threat. Aside from the fact that he was also a socialist.
RAY MARTIN: What about when he was forced out of office?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: It was a celebration.
RAY MARTIN: Now, locked up until he's 94, Boyce agreed to an
exclusive interview about his spying career, the bad times and the
good.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: We used to make daiquiris in the document
destruction blender.
RAY MARTIN: What, the CIA shredder?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes.
RAY MARTIN: To make daiquiri drinks.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Put it to some use. It wasn't my idea, but it
made a hell of a daiquiri.
RAY MARTIN: Think back to Australia in the mid 1970s. Lots of
strikes, the Whitlam Government in deep trouble, a growing
controversy over American bases like Pine Gap, the Governor-
General, Sir John Kerr, more and more involved in a Parliamentary
crisis regarding supply. At that, as it all turned out, marked the
start of a truly amazing spy story. Christopher Boyce, at that
time, was a young telex operator working for an American company
known as TRW. It was a private company that had close connections
with the US Government, particularly the CIA, because TRW helped
run America's super-secret spy satellite system. And being where
he was, Boyce occasionally came across telex messages--in this
story you will hear them referred as twickses--and other material
pertaining to CIA activity in Australia. And what he heard and saw
made him so angry, that his own country could cheat such a good
ally as Australia, that he started selling information to the
Russians. He was caught and convicted in 1977, one of the most
important spies since World War II. He staged a daring escape and
was re-captured only last year. Since then, the big American media
groups have been trying to get his story but instead, he agreed to
speak only to us in a remarkable meeting that took place at
Leavenworth Prison in Kansas. So why choose us?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Because you are Australian journalists and
because what kicked this all off was deception by my government
against yours.
RAY MARTIN: What you did, as we described, was the greatest
security breach in decades.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Serves them right.
RAY MARTIN: Serves them right.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: That's my feeling on it. I've no regrets. What
was going on in Australia, what the twickes I saw concerning your
labour unions, like you say, kicked it off. But my primary purpose
was personal, personal grudge.
RAY MARTIN: I don't want to be overly dramatic at all, but did you
want to be a martyr.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: I thought it was a unique way to express
myself.
RAY MARTIN: Only the Russians know exactly what secrets Christopher
Boyce gave them. But the CIA calls what he did the most damaging
act of espionage in decades. Boyce says that what finally turned
him into a spy was America's deception of Australia.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: My Government was deceiving an ally, perhaps had
been an ally for two world wars, English speaking parliamentary
democracy. I thought it was indicative of, to what my country had
sunk to.
RAY MARTIN: This is Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in Kansas.
It's a maximum security prison. And right now there are 1,030 men
locked up inside here. All of them are regarded as highly
dangerous. There are kidnappers, hijackers, mass murderers and
others. And there is also Christopher Boyce, the former Catholic
altar boy who thought that, for a while, he might become a priest
but instead ended up as a notorious Russian spy.
PRISON WARDEN: Ah, so why don't we go and take a look at the
papers in here.
RAY MARTIN: It's almost as difficult getting into Leavanworth as
it is getting out. There's a film magazine. It's much the same.
The rest is just film. What exactly are you looking for?
PRISON WARDEN: Well, articles of contraband, you know, narcotics,
weapons, drugs, anything of this nature.
RAY MARTIN: Boyce's new quarters in maximum security are a stark
contrast to his family home in Palos Verdes in Southern California.
His was a safe, affluent, comfortable childhood. The eldest of
nine children, with a strict Catholic mother and an FBI agent
father, Boyce was the student athlete with an IQ of 140. But the
all-American schoolboy grew up to be a traitor.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, I have no problems with the label
traitor, if you qualify what it's to, and I think that eventually
the United States Government is going to involve the world in the
next world war. And being a traitor to that, I have absolutely no
problems with that whatsoever.
RAY MARTIN: Had you ever been one of those "my country right or
wrong" kids?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Absolutely. I was brought up in a very
conservative home, the right of Kubla Khan. As I got older, I came
to see that most everything that I believed in was hipocrisy in
this country. Things just aren't as they appear.
RAY MARTIN: Do you think that shock would have been any less if
you hadn't been brought up in such a strictly conservative family?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, it never would have happened. What has
transpired never would have happened.
RAY MARTIN: Are you, or were you ever, a communist?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: No.
BILL DOUGHETY: He is rebellious, adventurous, ideological, a non-
conformist.
RAY MARTIN: Bill Doughety once worked for the FBI. Now he's
Boyce's lawyer.
BILL DOUGHETY: I don't know if it's enough reason or not, but
that's probably why he did what he did.
RAY MARTIN: Why do you think, I mean, if you had to explain it to
someone, why he sold secrets to the Russians?
BILL DOUGHETY: I think that the main reason was adventure. Then
I think it was adventure in the crucible of the times of the
Vietnam War, the disillusionment of American youth, being fed in
the slaughter, time and time again, for no reason. I think these
are some of the reasons he did what he did.
RAY MARTIN: Christopher Boyce worked here in Southern California
for two years. It may not look like it, but TRW is a top secret
installation. This is where they build satellites for the CIA,
including the black satellites that spy on Russia and China, and
use Pine Gap as a relay station for sending information back here
to the United States. Now, within TRW, the most highly classified
area was a place called the Black Vault. That was a room where
they kept the messages and the codes. Though to work in there, you
need to be passed by the FBI, to get a clearance then from the CIA,
and beyond that, a clearance from the National Security Agency. At
21, and a College drop-out, Christopher Boyce had them all. Now,
for other Californian kids, if they wanted to protest, they could
smoke dope or they could burn their draft cards, or they could join
the anti-war marchers. For Christopher Boyce, he had something
else.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, I was pretty well astounded with all the
gadgetry, and what was going on, and the fact that I had access to
all this information. It had never in my wildest dream ever
occurred to me that when I went to work for T.R.W. that I would be,
in fact, privy to information like that. It was pretty shocking.
RAY MARTIN: How did a 21 year old drop-out, earning $140 a week,
get access to those kind of secrets?
BILL DOUGHETY: Well, through the "old boy" network. His father
had been an FBI agent, the Chief of TRW Security had been an FBI
agent.
RAY MARTIN: He said that. Is that all it takes?
BILL DOUGHETY: That's all it takes. They had absolutely no
security in the Black Vault at TRW. Absolutely no security. The
uncontradicted evidence in the trial is that there was a telephone
with an extension cord outside the vault that could reach in and
theoretically he could have sat at the code machine and read the
code coming directly from Langley, CIA Headquarters, and dictated
them on the telephone to anywhere in the world. You can't even do
that at a race track.
RAY MARTIN: Boyce was a telex operator for a number of CIA
projects, including the Rylite and Argus projects. These were
sophisticated, highly-classified spies in the sky, monitoring and
photographing military bases and missile launches in the Soviet
Union and China. Because Pine Gap in the Northern Territory was an
absolutely vital cog in the CIA's spy satellite network, Canberra
and Washington had signed an Executive Agreement under which
Australia was to share this secret information.
ANNOUNCER: Information derived from the research programmes
conducted at the facilities shall be shared by the two governments.
RAY MARTIN: Boyce and his espionage accomplice, Andrew Dalton Lee,
sold the Russians the codes and other secret details of both the
Rylite and Argus projects. According to Boyce, that is much more
than America's partner, Australia, ever got.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: When the Rylite project was first put in place,
the Executive Agreement meant that all information was to be shared
between the American government and the Australian government. And
along came Mr Whitlam. When I went to work for the project, the
initial security briefing that I had, I was told that, in fact, we
weren't going to live up to that Agreement, and that we hadn't
been. And that there was information that was being withheld. And
also that the Argus project, which was the advanced Rylite project,
was to be hidden from the Australians.
RAY MARTIN: What, you were told specifically that, by your...
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: By Rick Smith, the Security Project Director.
RAY MARTIN: Was he CIA?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Former.
RAY MARTIN: So you were told that the Americans would not live up
to the Agreement, that they had entered into.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: That all information wouldn't be shared. No,
and wasn't being shared.
RAY MARTIN: I mean, that's very important. I mean, there was no
attempt to try and hide it. That was part of your briefing.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Defintely, yes.
RAY MARTIN: Were you aware, though, that those American bases in
Australia had become a very hot political issue?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Not to the extent that it was, but there was
definetely conversations in the Black Vault, and in the Security
Area, with members of TRW Security about the problems with Mr
Whitlam.
RAY MARTIN: What, the spoke openly about this, did they?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes, Mr Whitlam was not a popular figure at
all, to say the least.
RAY MARTIN: Did they say why?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, first of all, his politics, socialistic.
Amd the fact that enquiries were being made about the base. You
were, Mr Whitlam was, by wanting to know what was going on there,
and by publicising it, was compromising the integrity of the
project.
RAY MARTIN: Compromising the integrity, what's that?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: That's a familiar term that I heard quite a
bit. Mr Whitlam had no business sniffing around the Rylite
project, to their view he was on the wrong ball court.
RAY MARTIN: Even though the bases were in Australia?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, yes. Mr Whitlam's Government was a
threat.
RAY MARTIN: That's the way they described it?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes.
RAY MARTIN: Did you get the impression that things had changed
once the Labor Government, the Whitlam government, came into
office, from what they had been before? And did they change after
he left?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: There was a bit of celebration that Mr Whitlam
had been canned, but my instructions as to what was to be sent on
to Marino and Casino...
RAY MARTIN: You mean, Marino was Canberra and Casino was Alice
Springs?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Correct: Did they change, no.
RAY MARTIN: So after Mr Fraser was elected Prime Minister after Mr
Whitlam, the instructions were still the same?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Remained the same.
RAY MARTIN: Did they talk about how, or why, he was forced out?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: No, but there was references to your
Governor-General by the Central Intelligence residents there at TRW
in the Rylite project. They called Mr Kerr "our man Kerr".
RAY MARTIN: What, the CIA man said that?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes Joe Harrison said that in the Security
Area, one time I overheard that.
RAY MARTIN: Christopher Boyce telling what he knows about the CIA
and its meddling in Australian politics. But he goes on to mention
other disturbing events, including CIA infiltration of Australian
unions. More of that part of the spy story after this break.
RAY MARTIN: More of the story of Christopher Boyce, the
disillusioned spy. As he told us in our meeting at Leavenworth
Prison, he went over to the Russians after discovering some of the
dirty tricks the CIA was ready to play on a good ally like
Australia. Working, as he did, on the US spy satellite programme,
Boyce could talk to CIA agents and read various telex messages, or
as he called them, twixes, coming from and to Australia. What you
will hear next are details of how the CIA infiltrated Australian
unions, and more of its double dealings, even when the new
conservative government of Malcolm Fraser came to power. That was
after the sacking of the Whitlam government by this man, the then
Governor-General Sir John Kerr.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: There was references to your Governor-General
by the Central Intelligence residents there at TRW in the Rylite
project. They called Mr Kerr "Our man Kerr."
RAY MARTIN: Just two days before a Federal Parliamentary debate
was due on the American satellite bases, a CIA telex arrived in
Canberra. It warned that Prime Minister Whitlam was in danger of
blowing the lid off Pine Gap. The next day, the Whitlam Labor
Government was dismissed.
GOUGH WITHLAM: The proclamation which you have just heard read by
the Governor-General's official secretary was countersigned Malcolm
Fraser, who will undoubtedly go down in Australian history from
Remembrance Day 1975, as Kerr's cur.
RAY MARTIN: How long did this deception, to use your word, how
long did that go on?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Concerning the Argus project and the not
sharing the information? The entire time I worked for the people,
and I imagine it continued right up until the point of my trial,
until the Executive Agreement was renegotiated.
RAY MARTIN: So at least two years, the two years that you were
there.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes, and it never changed.
RAY MARTIN: In your trial, you mentioned interference in the
Australian unions. What was that?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: In this particular instance, we had hardware,
software and personnel to ship out of Alice Springs, and there was
worry over strikes at your airports. They had to do with pilots
and air controllers. And there was an area that Petal had a
definite need to know because...
RAY MARTIN: That's TRW?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Right. Because strikes would wreck our
schedule, and so in this one instance, a twix came from Pilot which
said "Pilot will continue to suppress the strike, continue shipment
on schedule". Words to that effect.
RAY MARTIN: So Pilot was the CIA Headquarters at Langley?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Langley, Virginia. Yes. The hub of the entire
intelligence operation.
RAY MARTIN: Was there any more discussion about that? I mean,
what did that imply? That the CIA had infiltrated those unions?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, my conclusion is, that either Central
Intelligence directly or through intermediaries would had to have
infiltrated the hierarchy of your trade unions at some level.
RAY MARTIN: So Boyce now had the motivation for espionage, what he
calls the CIA's deception and interference in Australia. Working
inside the Black Vault at TRW gave him the opportunity. For two
years, Christopher Boyce found it ridiculously simple to steal
America's most highly prized secrets, and hand them to the
Russians.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: My superiors would send me on booze runs to the
liquor store, and they would send me out with a sachel, past the
guards. The guards knew what the satchel was for, never interfered
with what was in it. That way I could take out whatever I wanted.
Bringing it back was a bit more trouble if I had to keep it
overnight.
RAY MARTIN: So you'd take out the top secret information on the
American satellite system, under the pretext of going out to get
some liquor.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Many times, yes.
RAY MARTIN: And how did you get it back?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: I had a roll of documents, hundreds and
hundreds of them that I'd taken out in the satchel. I bought a pot
that evening. I put the documents in a plastic bag, se them in the
pot, put dirt over the documents, took a plant that I had bought in
a store and stuck that on top of the dirt. I went into the
gardener and told him to go out to my car and bring in the potted
plant and put it in the Security Area.
RAY MARTIN: So the gardener brough back the documents.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes.
RAY MARTIN: Was there no trouble?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Keystone cops.
RAY MARTIN: Pardon?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Keystone cops.
RAY MARTIN: But was there no trouble, in terms of getting that
out. I mean, if you are really determined to take out one of these
top secret documents, you can do it?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes.
RAY MARTIN: Time and time again. Take them out, photograph them.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Oh, I'd photograph them inside. I would
sometimes would just bring the Minox camera inside and do it in the
Black Vault. But then no one had access there but myself and a
limited amount of other people.
RAY MARTIN: That Black Vault you speak of, I mean, there were
stories there of booze parties, of sex parties.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Marijuana growing in the plants inside the
Communications room. A pretty wild scene. I walked into it, the
Black Vault was almost like the project bar. We used to make
daiquiries in the document destruction blender.
RAY MARTIN: What, the CIA shredder?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes.
RAY MARTIN: To make daiquiri drinks.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Put it to some use.
RAY MARTIN: Now, again, that's the Centre. That's where the top
information...
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: They were doing it before I got there. It
wasn't my idea but it made a hell of a daiquiri.
RAY MARTIN: Was there any excitement of being in espionage? Was
there a thrill to that?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: At 21 years old, that's quite a thrill, yes.
It's high adventure.
RAY MARTIN: High adeventure, and pretty dangerous stuff.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: It gets a little hard on your adrenalin gland
but it's a very exciting thing to become involved in. There is no
way around that. You never knew when they were coming to get you.
It tainted everything else in your life. Much as you tried to lead
a normal life, above board, regularly you still had this other life
behind the curtain which, at any moment, could destroy everything
else you had.
RAY MARTIN: How much were you paid by the Russians?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Personally or ? About $20,000. Money was
never important to me. I knew from the beginning that I would
eventually be caught. There was no escape from it.
RAY MARTIN: Once you'd started, there was no escape.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Absolutely not. After all, I'm an amateur, 21
years old, and the Central Intelligence Agency had been in business
a lot longer than I had. And, to tell you the truth, I didn't
think it would go on longer for a month or two. I was amazed that
it went on for two years. Almost two years.
RAY MARTIN: Boyce was finally caught in January 1977. Tried and
convicted of espionage, he got the maximum, 40 years. But just two
years later, Boyce went over the wall and escaped from Longpoc
Federal Prison in California.
RAY MARTIN: There were reports at the time of the fact you'd got
out of Longpoc, that you could only have done it with the help of
either the Russians, or with the help of the CIA.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: I did it with the help of the incompetency of
the United States Bureau of Prisons. I had no outside help.
PRISON WARDEN: Why did you order this stuff for? You don't look
like the painting type to me.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: The Bureau of Prisons showed a movie _Escape
from Alcatraz_, and it's a true story. A man escapes from Alcatraz
by making a paper mache dummy, putting it in his bed, and he's
counted and then he leaves. I then went to the arts and crafts
people at the prison and I asked them for paper mache class, which
then showed me how to make the dummy. And I did exactly what was
in the movie. I just repeated it. Made the dummy, put it in the
bed. And in the meanwhile I was out in a drain by the fence,
fences. And, the dummy was counted. So I had an eight hour jump on
them. And then I went over the fence, through the razor wire in
front of a tower that, the guard in the tower wasn't on the ball.
RAY MARTIN: Once outside, Boyce survived alone in the woods for
months, living off acorns and berries he'd read about in the prison
library books.
RAY MARTIN: There were reports at the time that you'd gone to
South Africa. Did you go to South Africa?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: No, I didn't go to South Africa.
RAY MARTIN: Australia? Alice Springs?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: No, I missed out on that too.
RAY MARTIN: Were there times when you came close to being caught
in those 19 months you were away?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: When I was pulled over by six officers up in
Bonners Ferry, Idaho, late at night, with no I.D., driving the car
and, but up in Idaho, they asked me where I was going and I
mentioned a friend of the sheriff's and they let me go.
RAY MARTIN: This is the most, perhaps at that stage, the most
wanted fugitive in the country.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, that's how they classified it. Then up
in Idaho during the '80 elections, I was sitting in a restaurant in
Sandpoint called `Connies', eating a ham and egg omelette, and in
walks Senator Church, campaigning with his whole entourage,
reporters, body guards. And he walks in that restaurant, come up
to my table, shook my hand and told me how much he needed my vote.
Ruined my breakfast.
RAY MARTIN: But obviously someone was looking after you at that
stage. Luck was on your side. Did you think...
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: I have been incredibly lucky. I was lucky to
escape. I was lucky that it continued for two years as it had.
Incredible luck.
RAY MARTIN: But your luck ran out.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Luck always does.
RAY MARTIN: Now you were close to escaping again, weren't you?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Yes, I was talking pilot lessons up on the
coast of Washington. I was being instructed by a Brigadier-General
in the Air Force, General Georgi, which made me a little nervous.
RAY MARTIN: He didn't know who you were, of course.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: No. Then I had two weeks to go to get my
pilot's licence, and then I would have left the country. So the
Government caught me within two weeks of my complete freedom.
RAY MARTIN: Why did you stay around for so long? I mean, you were
in the country for 19 months. Why didn't you go, for example, to
Russia?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, I'll tell you. If you have ever gone to
Boundary County, Idaho, it's some awful nice country, and I had a
whole lot of friends up there. And there were so many neat things
to do. And I did a lot of hunting, and I hunted bear and elk. And
I liked it up there.
RAY MARTIN: So many neat things to do. That doesn't sound like
the Number One Fugitive.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Well, I'm not a, I'm not a professional spy,
and I'm not a professional anything. I'm an amateur at everything
I do, or else I wouldn't be here right now, sitting here in this
prison.
RAY MARTIN: Boyce robbed seventeen small banks whilst on the run.
Bank cameras filmed this hold-up with Boyce in disguise. Finally
re-captured by the FBI, he was sentenced to a further 25 years in
prison, and that was on top of his 40 years for espionage.
BILL DOUGHETY: It's a terrible waste. He's a, depending on who do
you want to believe, which study, he's got an IQ of 127 or 140. He
is personable, charming guy. Young man, I should say. He is a
student of history. Women like him. I don't want to say that he's
a ladies' man in that sense, but young girls are drawn to him.
RAY MARTIN: Was there any other way to do it?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: I suppose there was, but I was 21 and saw
things black and white. And it seemed to me my Government had
betrayed me long before I ever betrayed them.
RAY MARTIN: Prison wardens are taking no chances this time around.
Only three men have escaped from maximum security here at
Leavenworth. And they don't intend Boyce to be number four.
PRISON WARDEN: Will you stand there a second? Ok, guy, you've got
one.
RAY MARTIN: But if there is no hope of getting out, then Boyce
says he'll have to consider suicide.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: It would be a viable option.
RAY MARTIN: If the front door was opened, would you walk out.
CHRISTOPHR BOYCE: I'd take off like a jack rabbit.
RAY MARTIN: Christopher Boyce didn't kill or kidnap anybody. He's
just not a violent man. But what he did do was commit treason.
And nobody loves a Russian spy, whatever the reason. As Boyce
himself says, the chances of him getting parolled are next to nil,
so unless he escapes once again, which seems unlikely, unless he is
murdered in here, which is always on the cards, or unless there is
some kind of a deal, which nobody is talking about, Christopher
Boyce is going to be 94 years old before he walks out of these
doors here at Leavenworth.
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: I think that if Mr Nixon's Government hadn't
gone in flames, I don't think that this would have happened. But at
the same time, it goes way beyond Richard Nixon and Watergate. I
think that it's just the whole general drift of where this
government is headed. I think that this Government is a threat to
mankind. You can't protect freedom and liberties behind stock
piles of chemical and biological weapons and nuclear weapons. My
Government built atomic weapons, used them first, stock piled them
first, moved our I.C.B.M.s first, which was a grotesque escalation,
and now that the Russians have played catch-up for 20 years and
finally achieved equality, the only policy to come out of the White
House is build 17,000 more of the monsters. And to me that's
madness.
RAY MARTIN: Your motivation is not pro-Russia as against anti-
Washington, anti-American?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: Correct.
RAY MARTIN: Could it be said that, in getting those secrets for
the Russians, that in fact you had thrown into jeopardy the lives
of every American man, woman and child?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: They are already in jeopardy. A Third World
War is inevitable.
RAY MARTIN: So you don't think you added to that at all?
CHRISTOPHER BOYCE: It's a hard one.
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